With the global fashion industry adopting innovative practices to reduce carbon emissions, the question arises if India’s fashion sector will join the sustainability movement and help achieve the nation’s 2070 carbon neutrality goal. While international brands lead the change with energy-efficient technologies and material innovations, the onus is on India’s garment industry to embrace similar measures, especially when India is one of the largest contributors to the global fashion supply chain.
India made its first-ever pledge to achieve carbon neutrality by 2070 during the 26th Conference of Parties (COP-26) in Glasgow in 2021, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi committing to net-zero emissions. Net zero refers to balancing greenhouse gas emissions with their removal from the atmosphere. While the US and EU aim for 2050, and China for 2060, India’s pledge stands out given its unique challenges. As the world’s fourth-largest emitter of carbon dioxide, India’s per capita emissions in 2019 were 1.9 tonnes—significantly lower than the US (15.5 tonnes) and Russia (12.5 tonnes), reflecting the complexities of balancing growth and sustainability.
However, in such a situation, especially when climate change is fast becoming a matter of concern for almost every nation, it becomes a need of the hour for almost all industries to cut down carbon emissions to help India achieve its goal of becoming a carbon-neutral nation by 2070. Among these, India’s fashion industry, which is one of the fastest-growing sectors, is no exception. The sector must adopt sustainable practices to minimize its environmental impact and contribute effectively to the country’s ambitious climate targets.
India’s fashion industry at a glance
According to Statista, India’s fashion industry stands as one of the fastest-growing sectors, with the apparel market valued at over ₹5 trillion in 2023. This market is projected to more than double, reaching ₹10 trillion by 2027. Revenue in the apparel market is expected to hit $105.50 billion by 2024, with an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.65% projected for 2024-2029. By 2029, the market volume is anticipated to soar to $243.5 billion.
Other than being one of the fastest-growing industries, there is no denying the fact that India’s fashion industry is also a significant contributor to carbon emissions. According to EAI, a boutique management consulting firm specializing in decarbonization strategies, India’s textile and apparel sector, a cornerstone of its economy, accounts for approximately 4% of global CO2 emissions. In such a scenario, it becomes imperative for the Indian textile industry to adopt robust measures to reduce carbon emissions, lessen dependence on fossil fuels, conserve resources, and mitigate environmental damage to align with India’s carbon neutrality goals.
What is Net Zero?
However, before addressing how the textile industry can achieve net zero, it’s essential to understand what net zero means. Net zero, or carbon neutrality, refers to balancing the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted into the atmosphere with an equivalent amount removed or offset. Achieving this balance requires neutralizing emissions from human activities, including industrial processes and fossil fuel consumption. For the textile industry, this entails adopting measures to offset carbon emissions effectively. However, achieving net zero is no simple task-it demands a marathon effort involving systemic changes, innovation, and collaboration. It’s a gradual process that cannot be accomplished overnight but requires sustained commitment.
Awareness could be key to success
India’s fashion industry struggles to minimize carbon emissions despite global momentum toward sustainability. Of the many two critical factors—poor awareness and lack of government incentives—seemed to be major factors which hinder the progress. While 70% of consumers prioritize affordability, 30% can afford higher-priced products made with sustainable practices. Educating this segment about the importance of reducing carbon emissions to save the planet and secure a better future for coming generations is essential. Proper product labelling can highlight how purchases contribute to environmental conservation. Such initiatives can bridge the gap, fostering a culture of conscious consumption while enabling the industry to adopt greener practices and reduce its environmental impact effectively.
Government Push
Government intervention is another crucial factor in transforming India’s fashion industry into a sustainable model. Providing incentives or subsidies to industries producing sustainable products can significantly encourage eco-friendly practices. Additionally, offering tax or GST relief to such industries can further motivate businesses to adopt greener initiatives, contributing to environmental conservation. These measures would not only promote sustainability but also help reduce the cost of end products, making them more accessible to consumers. With effective policy support, the government can drive the shift towards a more sustainable fashion industry, benefiting both the economy and the environment.
India’s fashion industry holds immense potential to contribute to the country’s carbon neutrality goals by 2070. While the challenges are significant, including the need for greater awareness and government support, the path toward sustainability is achievable. At the same time by adopting eco-friendly practices, encouraging conscious consumption, and fostering innovation, the industry can significantly reduce its carbon footprint. With the right combination of consumer awareness, government incentives, and industry commitment, India’s fashion sector can play a pivotal role in helping the nation meet its climate targets and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.
